Electrical Heating in the Home

Advantages and Disadvantages

Electrical heating is clean, compared with forms of heating which involve combustion, e.g. gas, oil, coal, etc. There are no fumes or flues associated with it. It is usually cheaper and easier to install than other forms, either in a new build, or in an existing house. It can conveniently be used as 'top up' heating, where gas or other other central heating is used as the main form of heating. Many (but not all) electrical heaters are portable and respond quickly.
It is generally more expensive to run, although the relative costs compared with, say, gas depend on local conditions and costs at any particular time.

The running costs of electrical heaters will be high if the heater has no thermostat, and is left on for long periods, unless it is a low wattage heater. Thus only use a high power heater, without a thermostat, if it is just to be used to heat up a room for a short time, then switched off. Plug-in thermostats can be used to provide an external temperature control for the heater. Many heaters have 'frost watch' settings, which only switch the heater on if the temperature goes to freezing, making them a useful precaution against burst pipes.
Many heaters have built in timers allowing them to be switched on and off automatically at pre-set times. You will pay extra for this, and often it is cheaper to buy a 24 hour plug-in timer to use with the heater.

The main forms of electrical heaters are:

Underfloor Heating

This consists of electrical heating cables laid under floors. (Pipes containing hot water heated by gas, or another fuel, are another form of underfloor heating.) I would only consider this in a new build. The cost and disruption of installing underfloor heating in an existing property is considerable.

Storage Heaters

These are fairly large heaters, wall mounted, which use off peak (cheaper) electricity during the night, and store the heat to release it slowly during the day. Special wiring and off peak meters must be installed, and the electricity supplier must arrange for you to be put on an 'off peak' tariff. It is an option to consider if central heating is required and gas or other fuels are not available. It is probably the cheapest form of central heating to install, but can be expensive to run. It does not respond quickly to sudden changes in temperature. If there is a sudden cold spell during the day, it will not be until the following night that adjustments to the heating will take effect.

Fan Heaters

These are cheap, small, portable and heat up quickly. They are ideal for top-up heating. They can also be used, in summer, as fans only. The noise of the fan can be irritating though, and if this is a consideration, it is better to use convector heaters.

Convector Heaters

Again ideal for top up heating, but slightly slower, bigger and more expensive to buy than fan heaters. They can be floor standing or wall mounted. They are almost silent though, except for the fan operated ones, which don't seem to have any advantage over the smaller and cheaper fan heaters.

Panel Heaters

These are very slim wall mounted heaters. They occupy a large wall area. They usually don't have a thermostat, so are on all the time.

Oil Filled Radiators

These look like conventional central heating radiators. There are flat ones that can be wall mounted, and wider ones, on wheels, so that they can be moved to different rooms. They are slower to respond than fan or convector heaters, but some people prefer their lower temperature over a bigger area.

Tubular Heaters

These are tubes, varying in length from about 350mm to 2000mm (1' to 6'). They are usually wall mounted. They are very low wattage (about 150W per metre) and don't have a thermostat. They are normally used in greenhouses, animal cages, airing cupboards, behind fridges and freezers in outhouses where it gets too cold for the fridge to operate normally, etc.

Bathroom and Toilet Heaters

In a bathroom, the heater must either be operated by a pull cord switch, or externally, from another room. The latter would usually be a wall mounted panel heater (these can be supplied with towel rails to dry towels as well). The former could be a downflow fan heater or radiant heater, mounted on a wall near the ceiling, for which wiring would have to be installed, or heat/light unit, replacing the existing light fitting. 250W heat/light bulbs can also be put into an existing light unit (without using a shade), to give some heating.

Electric Fires

These can vary from the cheap radiant fires, or the more recent halogen heaters, to expensive coal, log or flame effect fires, often used as a focal point for a room. The latter commonly combine radiant and convection heating.

Other Electrical Heaters

Air curtains, plinth heaters, etc. usually employ natural or forced convection, designed to fit in a particular location, such as above a door or in a plinth. Ceramic and quartz heaters usually employ a mixture of radiant and convected heat, and are often more powerful than conventional domestic heaters, making them useful in industrial applications.

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3.FUN SLEEPOVER !? selena hears the doorbell ring... she just that minute got home herself from a family party an was dressed in a little black mini dress.. royal blue heels.. same colour purse.. she had a royal blue diamond neclace and earings to match, she had her hair sweeped to the side in a spanish style scruffy bun. she answered the door wondering who it could be.... Selena: on opening the door looks suprised to see joe and nick standing in front of her looking gobsmacked Joe: er.. h hh hhheyyy selena.. y you look amazing Nick: *hits joe* yeah you look beatiful Selena: feels emarased because she hates dressing like this and tries to cover as much of her legs up as she can... she opens the door further for them to come inside Nick: *still hasnt took his eyes off selenas legs and the way the dress hugs her curves making her look like a goddess * he stutteres out were is every one ? Selena: you guys are half a our early * she chuckles Joe: *goes and sits on the couch* hmm so how are you then sell ? Selena: shouting in form the kitchen im good joe .. you ? Joe; im good now he says under his breath and smiles cheakily at nick nick glairs at joe and walks into the kitchen to find selena ... she isnt there.. he stand at the bottom of the stair case and shouts her name up the stairs Selena: yeh nick im up here.. uhh you need anything Nick: i cant hear you what did you say? *no reply* nick walks up the stairs and hears selena humming in her room.. he walks in and Selena ...



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Generators Come in Many Types

There is nothing more frustrating than having the power go out. You get home from work and expect to have a leisurely night relaxing to some music or a movie when all of a sudden everything goes dead. This is enough of an inconvenience for a private citizen, but when it happens to a business, or worse yet, to an emergency facility such as a hospital, the problem is much more serious. Luckily, emergency power generators exist which can keep the most important electricity based functions running even if external power is lost.

This technology was first implemented during WWII, on warships. In the heat of battle, it was not uncommon for a ship to lose its steam turbine engines in the melee. Diesel powered generators were then used to keep the vital functions of the ship running for the remainder of the battle.

Today, emergency power systems still often rely on diesel engines to power the most important functions during a blackout. However newer technologies are becoming ever more popular as well. Diesel powered generators and sometimes even regular gas powered ones remain popular for private residences and smaller businesses. But larger apartment buildings, businesses, and vital facilities such as hospitals, telecommunications centers, and water treatment plants are using newer technologies more and more. These technologies include deep cycle batteries, flywheel energy storage, and fuel cells.

Perhaps the main advantage of these technologies is that they do not emit toxic fumes and can thereby be located on or in the powerless building. Also, they save space by not requiring an off-site shed or enclosure. Most modern systems, diesel and gas generators included, are designed to automatically switch on in the event of a power outage. By the same token, they are also designed to turn off automatically when normal power is restored. Innovations such as these not only keep the most vital aspects of our lives running, but also provide the basic comforts and amenities to private citizens trying to unwind after work.

Emergency power generators have become relatively cheap to purchase and install in private residences and will often pay for themselves very quickly. For example, how much is all of the food in your fridge worth? Some regions of the country experience prolonged blackouts five or six times a year. If, during each blackout, the food in your fridge and freezer spoils, how much will that ultimately cost you a year weighed against the cost of a generator. Besides food and refrigeration, think of the comfort that comes from knowing that you can do your laundry, take a hot shower, and even listen to some music. For these reasons, alongside many others, many people are investing in emergency generators.

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